Process of making a grain product.



1. E; Boss| PROCESS 0F MAKING A GRAIN PRODUCT.

APPLICATXON FILED NOV. 1,1913.

Patented June 20, 1916.

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PROCESS 0F MAKING- A GRAIN PRODUCT.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPHEDWARD BOSS, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

To all whom t may convent g Be it known that L Josarii EDWARD Boss,

a. citizen of the United States, residing at rfoi-onto, in the county of York and Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Process of Making a Grain Product, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to food forming products of cereal nature and process of making the same, and has for some of its objects the -treatment bof grain, such as Wheat, rye, corn, barley, oats, rice and other starch bearing cereals, in such a manner that constituents of the whole .grain are y associated with the finished flour and freev from the bran or grain coating, also that the cellular structure of the grain is thoroughly disrupted and the starchy and -other cell constituents liberated in a form that they may be so readily hydrated by action ofv water during kneading, that a larger increase in the volume of bread yielding product may be obtained than With products of similar nature produced heretofore, and it comprises a cereal food producing product of cellular disrupted nature bywhich a -more thorough digestion of given quantities may be secured in shorter time and WithY greater nutritive andA body building effect and with longer keeping and moisture re- A taining properties than the usual grit, meal or flour, whereby less yeast is required to produce greater leavening effect in shorter time and also less sugar'and shortening is necessary in the working up of the product into foods. v A

In the prior art it has been customary to hydrate the grain, by the action of waterA or steam, to a degree that the swelling Will burst the grain cells, then dry, grind, bolt and flour the product, also to reduce the grain to a grit, meal, or flour, and expose the grit, meal or flour to the iaction of'moisture or its steam variety and then dry the flour or reflour the product, Whichinvolves the do-uble handling in the manufacture of the material, such aslgrinding, bran separating, cell disrupting, and regrinding to obtain the finished produc-t, and by which means no valuable ingredients-of the bran or cell tissue or coating can be introduced into the flour yielded, all of which are obvi- 9 Speciicationof Letters Patent. Patented June 20, 1916i, Application 1aed Nvember 1, 1913. serial No. 798,713.

ated in producing the product of the present invention, which comprises hydrating the grain while associated With the bran or grain coating, either as such or in a rolled or compressed form with the natural con-- stituents and bran, by the action of the Water, preferably of moisture of steam form, with or without the augmentation of he: t, whereby the starch and other ingredients 'contained in cells are distended or swelled whileretained by or associated with the outer coating of the grain and then directly subjected to the action of direct pressure or compression to such a degree and of such sudden nature that the iuid or Water swelled cells are crushed and disrupted for the reason that the water contained therein is unable to pass out through the pores of the cell coating or cell coating fibers without disrupting them, and when ruptured effect the introduction' into the cell content, such as starch, etc., of the soluble ingredients of the grain epidermis or skin, together with tlieproduct produced by the vaction of water associated with the grain oils under pressure, such as glycerin, which ground, bolted and floured.

When the oil in the grain, associated with the Water, is subjected to pressure, it becomes dissociated or transformed fromits oleic ester character into glycerin and fatty acid, which`latter lcombines With the starchy ingred' nts present and form a nutritious produ while the glycerin acts as a moisture retainer and preservative, and the whole4 results in a sweeter product than that ordinarily secured.

lAs an example of a cereal product and process by which it is produced in accordance With the Present invention, a product of Wheat flour having the character described will be taken as an illustration, reference being directed to the accompanying resents a diagrammatic view of the combination of members of the apparatus, whereby the improved grain product is made or produced; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the grain hydrating device on lines 2f'-2 of Fig.

- 1, showing a preferred design of'. removable members are suitably inclosed in the walls or housing 14, having the outlet 15.

The inlet 16 from the feed ,hopper 10 being provided with means, such as a slide va v e or gate 17 for controlling or regulating the supply of grain to be treated, and

the outlet-15 communicates with the carrier or conveyer 18, traveling on the conveyer and driving rolls 19 and idler 88 situated in a housing 20, provided with airinlet 21 controlled by valve or ate 22, the conyeyer' passin into the hy rating member 24 throug the opening 25 and is provided with means 26 for removing the material from the feed conveyer 18 and causing it to fall l upon the inclined carrier 27, preferably comprising a porous fabric, such as cotton.: belting. which travels on the revoluble supports or ,conveyers comprising the driving roll 28 and idler 89. Y

Suitably situated in operative coactive distance beneath and above the upper or conveying surface of the conveyer, arethe steam or water vapor supply ipes or conduits 29and 30, provided with )et discharges 31 and 32, the supply pipe 29 *being con trolled by valve 33 and the supply pipe 30 by valve 34.

The upper end of the carrier or belt is provided with a means 35 for removing material therefrom and discharging it into the chute 36, This portion ofthe hydrating apparatus issecured in suitable housing 37 provided with the removable top orlcover 38, lswhereby-'the interior may `be readily reached. *The housing 37 bein terial 39, provided'with the non-corrosive lining 40;,"- p'referably of tinned copper or Monel metal. l The bottom or base of the liousin is provided with the troughs or channe s 4l and 42, more clearly shown in Fig. 2, into* which the low'er edges 43 Vand 44 of. ,the side members of the top 38 rest,-

whereby the housing is sealed and provided with drains for carrying of any condensation, and whereby it is carried to the discharge outlet 45. Connecting with the housl composed of. wood -or -other heatnon-con ucting ma! guide rollers 92 for dishing l the conve eror carrier for the u of retaining the hydrating material. lslie lower end of the housin 37 is provided with the inlet 4 6 controll l by the valve or gate 47 and the u per end wall is provided with an exhaust evice or means 48. The housing 20 of the feed belt or conveyer 18 is provided with a removable closure or cover 49, whereby the interior may be readily reached. I

The drying member 50 is provided with the feed means 51, including the crushing, or grain, or cell disrupting rolls 52, coacting with the-ad'usting or regulating device 53 and provid with the temperature controlling or re lating means 54, the whole being inclose with or by suitable housing 55, which communicates with the feed chute 36. p

The drying member comprises the conveyer orcarrier 56, supported and actuated by a 'suitable 'driving roll 57 and idler 58, while the conveyer is provided at its discharge end with suitable adjustable sci-a ing means 59 for removing material there rom and dischar ng it into the chute 63. kThe drying memler is rovided with a heat supplying means, suc as the heating coil 60, controlled by inletvalve 6l and outlet valve 62. The drying member is inclosed by suitable housing 64, provided with a removable top closure and side closures 66, whereby V`the interior may be readily reached, and theair inlet 67 controlled by the valve or gate 68 and the :exhaust means or device 69. From this drying member the material is discharged through the chute 63 into the grinding? scraping or millin apparatus 70, which includes the milling ro ls 71 provided with temperature regulating means 72 and the coacting'adjusting'means 73, the grinding,- scraping or milling-members being inclosedin .suitable housing 74.

The grinding, scraping ,or milling device is provided with the outlet 75, having a flexible conduitfor member' 76,' which communicates withthe inlet 77 of the bolter members l78 lind 79, communicating with each other through the flexible duct or` member 80 and actuated by the vibratoi'y or agitatn means 81 and 82 and secured by the flexi le su or han ers 83 and 84.

The bolter $9 is provide with the outlet 85 controlled by the gate or valve 86, from which the bolted material is discharged into a suitable fiouring member or apparatus 87. The various 4conveyers andl crushing and grinding rolls or members are driven in unison or coaction by power means, not shown, com'municated to the said rolls or members through suitable belts or gearing in such a manner that the different members actjointlyv and collectively in their upwaicc ISC

. tion, in carrying out of th'e process, so that a continuousand uniform coaction of parts is assured, and the feed of the different members suitably `maintained and product ldischarged, the operation of the different members performed synchronouslyA in the combination, enhancing the rapid nished production of the product desired. The power is imparted or'communicated to the conveyers or members through the driving rolls 19, 28, and 57 of thev feeder 18, the hydrating conveyer or carrier 27, and the drying conveyer 56, respectively, and to the other members through usual means of actuation, c s

Fig. 2 shows a detail of construction of ,the hydrating member, including the con-` veyer, and moisture supply means, and Fig.

` 3 shows a detail of device or scraper 35 `for removing material from the conveyer 27, as

v it reaches the driven roll 28, and comprises the blade 93 rotatably operative on the support or pivot device 94, and adjustably regulatedby suitable means 95 extending to the exterior. The scraping devices 26 and 59 are of similar form or character of construction and method of operation.

p The fiouring member 87 is provided with pulleys 96 and 97 for operating the flouring '30 rolls at controlled and desired speeds to proj duce the required results.v

As an example of a product and process Eby which the same is made, the conversion of wheat into the improved product will be taken, reference being directed to thel accompanying drawings illustratingthe various steps of the process employed.

The wheat grain is placed in the hopper 1() from which it is supplied through the 40 opening 16 by operating the valve or gate 17. The Vwheat grain can be employed directly as such or may be preferably compressed bypassing through or between the rollers 23 which vvare suitably adjusted with relation to each otherby means of the adjusting devices 13 to compress the grain to 'the desired degree of compression. Power is then supplied to the various driving pulleys or gears of the apparatus and the gate valve 17 opened whereby the grain as such or in its compressed form A passes between the crushing rollers 23 and is deposited upon the traveling belt 18 through the supply duct 15.

The gram as such or 1n its compressed state is deposited on thetraveling belt 18, which is dished by the angularly Idisposed bean ings communicating with the outer edges of the upper belt or conveyer for the purpose of .preventing the grain from falling off, is carao ried in a forward progressive manner by the belt conveyer 18 and deposited upoii the elevating conveyer or inclined carrier or belt 27, situated in the hydrating member, being removed from the belt 18 b the scraping kk6:4 devicew26. The inclined carrier or belt 27 is .also l'dished by elevating its edges by means of angularly disposed rollers 92. lAs :the grain iscarried forward'an'd upward on the inclined belt yor conveyer 27 it is subjected to the action vof steam or water vapor supplied above and belowl the blt through the nozzles or openings 31 and 32 of the conduits 29 and 30. The 'valves 33 in pipe 29 and 34 in pipe 30 being suitably opened'to admit of the'discharge of a suii- 75 cient amount of steam or water vapor to-v hydrate. or swell the grain thereby distending its cells by the action of the Ainternally absorbed water or'moisture. Thisehydrated grain is then discharged into the hopper at 80 the'top of chute 36 by the action of the scraper 35. During the hydration of -the grain in the hydrating member a currentA of air is gradually drawnthrough in an upward direction by action of the fan or suction device 48,y aifr being admitted through the openings 21 and 46 `controlled by the valves or gates 22 and 47 in such a mannerv and to such adegree that any steam or moisture is carried forward and kept from entering the feed chamber 20.y Any moisture which may condense on the inner surface of the housing 37 will run down into the channels 41 and 42 at the bottom and be carried olf through the discharge 45. Thehydrated grain then falls through the chute 36 and enters the crushing or cell disrupting member passing through or between the rolls 52 suitably adjusted by the means 53 to thoroughly compress the hydrated grain to a` degr e that 100 its internal cellular structure is ruptueneg in an attempt'` of the contained water or mo1s ture to be .forced out through the cellular coating at al speed greater than it can normally pass through the pores, the rolls be- 105 ing preferably heated by circulation of steam in' the interior 54 of the rolls 52. The cell disrupted grain then falls through theffeed means 51 and is deposited upon the traveling belt 56, whereby it is carried through the 110 drying member 64 and subjected to the action of heat communicated through the steam coil controlled by valves 61 and 62.

At the same timethe heating and drying of the grain is being accomplished a current of 115 air is drawn through the drier by means of the exhaust device 69, the volume off'air being controlled by the regulating lvalve or damper 68 which operates to regulate the area of the air supply opening 67. As the 12o grain is dried and carried forward on the Jbelt or carrier 56 and reaches its farther end,

it is'removed by the scraper 59 and deposited into the chute 63 from'which it is supplied to the scraping or rinding member 74 pro- 125 vided'with the disintegrating'rolls 71 suitably heated or cooled as the case may require through the interior means 72, the rolls *being4 suitably. adjusted bymeans of the adjusting device 73.. AFrom this grinding, 13o,l

'l scraping or milling-device the disintegrated leted of its soluble ingredients, which have n/introduced into the liberated starchy' cell content, is removed and the other ingredients containing the bran soluble content and the product of hydrated oils and starch lof the grain are conveyed through the con` duit or outlet 85 controlled Lby the te or valve 86 into the final iiiillin or iur/'ling member 87 from which the finished product is discharged, it being prepared by passing through or between suitable rolls or ilouring devices 98 and 97.

Treating the unground grain as such `or in its compressed form, such as would result from passing the same through compressing rolls, whereby the cells are partly separated from each other and admit of the ready absorption of moisture between the cells and free passage through the cellular coating of the cell into the starchy content',

provides a means for introducing into the 'cell content some soluble ingredients ofthe grain skin or bran, such as phosphates of potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, etc., together with valuable nitrogenous constituents which enhance the health yielding and body building utility of thefinal product, so vthat it will practically contain the nutritious properties of the whole grain without association with the bran which has been depleted of its watei soluble constituents. The woody fiber constituting the cell wall is disrupted, delivering or freeing the starcliy content, which is -also associated with glycerin and aliphatic starchy esters, formed by the action of the fatty acids, liberated by the aetion of pressure and moisture in contact with the starchy ingredients.

This product differs from products of lthe n prior art, which are made after separating the bran from grits, meal or `flour, in that it contains the additional health giving and nutriment deliverin constituents of the whole grain deriv from both the bran and the cell nucleus or germ.,A

'The result of compressing.l the hydrated internal starch grain cells in order to disf rupt the same, causes the' outward rush of c fined water at a speedgreater than it wciill pass through the pores of lthe cell walls lwithout disruption and also forces the water-soluble constituents ofthe bran or skin Qf the in inte the disrupted internal starch ce ls so that. the bran or 4skin thus depleted of its water-soluble nourishing and digestible constituents may be separated inally, afterdrying, by bolting or other means and thereby leave awholly digestible disrupted starch grain cell produfct contain- Y ing the water-soluble ingredients of thebran without contamination with the bran itself.

induce segregated and the term seg-- means.

The term crushing as emgloyed herein in reference to the step of tea the grain cells and transfusin the ydlrlbglitic roducts therein is inten ed to imply and oes imply that the material is subjected to a pressure from the outside inward in contra-distinction to and from an inside ressure outward; such as might be d) by heating the grain in a closed container whereby the moisture contents and associated air are expanded, producing a super-atmospheric interior an exterior pressure on the grain retained in the receptacle and hermetically sealed therein, and then exploding the in by suddenly releasing or relieving e outside pressure by opening the closed container,such as takes Vplace in the so-called process of puffing -the combined action of an interiorly contained non-compressible fluid and an exteriorly applied pressure sucient to disrupt the cell coating and hydrolyze the oil conc tents of the rm, while said disrupting cellular ing ients are associated with the grain -coating or bran.`

2. The process of making a grain product which comprises exposing the grain cells to the combined ac tin of interiorly contained water and an exteriorly ap lied ressure suicient to disrupt the cel coating and hydrolyze the oil contents of -the rm, while said disrupting cellular in ients arev associated with the grain coating or bran.

3. The process of making a product which comprises e the grain cells to the combined action of an interiorly contained non-compressble, heated Il uid and an exteriorly a phed pressure-suicient te dis- .rupt the ce coating and hydrolyzey the oil contents of the germ, while the said disrupting cellular fentsane with the coatingor bran.

4. r'le pnocerof a gram product which comprises lexposing the grain to the combined'actin of interiorly contained heated water and an exteriorly -a phed preuie sucicnt to\disrupt the coating and hydroly-ze the oil contents of theA germ, While said disrupting cellular ingredi.

ents are associated. with the grain coating or bran.v j f n 5. The process of making agrain product which comprises hydrating the grain, subjecting the hydrated grain to a crushing compressing pressure, capable of disrupting the grain cells in coaction with the conytained Water,While in a distended'hydrated /form and While associated with the natural grain coating, drying, grinding, bolting and' flouring the product. j'

6. The process oflmaking a grain product which com rises hydrating a compressed grain, subjtin'g the hydrating grain to a crushing compressing pressure, capable of disrupting the grain cells in coaction ,with the contained water, while in a distended .20 hydrated form and While associated with the grinding,

natural grain coating, drying, bolting and flouring the product.

7. The process of making a grain product which comprises subjecting the unground 25 grain while associated with the skin or bran of the grain to the action of water until the grain cells are distended or swelled, then subjecting the water swelled product to the action cfa crushing pressure until the cells are disrupted, then drying, grinding, bolting and flouring the product.

8. The process of making a grain product which comprises subjecting the unground grain while associated with the skin or bran 3-5 .of the grain to the action of a non-compressible fluid until the grainl cells are distended or swelled,then subjecting the swelled product to the action of a crushing pressure until the cells arev disrupted, then drying, grind- 4o ing, bolting and iiouring the product.

9. .The process of making a grain product which comprises subjecting the unground grain while associated with the skin or bran of the grain to the action of water and heat a5 luntil the grain cells are distended or swelled, then subjecting the swelled product to the action of a crushing pressure until the cells are disrupted, then drying, grinding, bolting and iiouring the product.

10. The process of making a grain product which comprises subjecting the unground ggrain while associated with the skin or bran of the grain to the action of. a noncompressble fluid and heat until the grain cells are '5 5'diistended or swelled, then subjecting the j' swelled product to the action of a crushing pressure until the cells are disrupted, then drying, grinding, bolting and flouring the.

product. v

11. The process of making a grain product which comprises subjecting the compressed unground* grain .while associated with the skin or bran of the grain to the action of water until-the grain cells are distended or swelled, then subjecting the water swelled `which comprises subjecting the compressed .fluid and an externally applied crushing product to theaction of a crushing pressure until-the cells are disrupted, then drying, grinding, bolting and fioul-ing the product.

12. The process of making a grain product unground grain While associated with the skin or bran of the' grain to the action of a non-compressible fluid until the grain cells are di stended or swelled, then subjecting the swelled product to the action of a crushing pressure until the :cells are disrupted, then drying, grinding, bolting and flouring the. product.

13. The process of making a grain product which comprises subjecting the compressed unground grain while associated withithe skin or bran of the grain to the action of water and heat until the grain cells are distended or swelled, then subjecting the `swelled product to the action of a crushing `815 pressure until the cells are disrupted,'then drying, grinding, bolting and flouring the product. i.

14. The process of making a grain product which comprises subjecting the compressed unground grain while associated with the. skin or bran of the grain to the action ofl a non-compressible fluid and heat until theA grain cells are distended or swelled, then A subjecting the swelled product to the action of a'crushing pressure until the vcells are disrupted, then drying, grinding, bolting and'flouring the product.

15. The process of making a grain product which comprises introducing the soluble c onstituents of the grain coating or bran into the liberated interior grain cell content while subjecting the grain cells to disruption by the combined action of a non-compressible l the combined action pf water and an externally applied crushing pressure.

17. The process of making a grain product which comprises introducing the soluble constituents of the grain coating or bran into the liberated interior grain cell content while subjecting lthe grain cells to disruption by the comlned action of a heated non-com-f pressible fluid and an 'externally appliedv 120 crushing pressure.

18. The process of making a grain product which comprises introducing the soluble constituents of the grain coating or bran into the liberated interior grain cell content while subjecting the grain cells to disruption by the combined action of heated water and an externally applied crushing pressure.

19. The process of making a grainproduct which comprises segregating the cells by compression pressure, by first charging the cells with a non-compreible fluid and then subjecting the ingredients to a crushing pressure while associated with'the grain skin or bran.

20. The process of making a grain product which comprises segregating the cells by compression pressure, by first charging the cells with water and then subjecting the hydrated ingredients to crushing pressure while associated with the grain skin or bran.

21. The proce of` disrupting grain cells which comprises subjecting the grain to the combined action of internal cell contained water and external crushing pressure.

22. The process of disrupting grain cells which comprises subjecting` the comp grain to the combined action of internal cell contained water and external `crushing pressure.' c v 23; The proce of disrupting grain cells which comprises segregating. the grain cells by` pressure, hfdrati theted and comp ce ls, an subjectln the hydratedproduct to external crus ing pressure.

In testimony whereof 'I alix my signature presence of two witnesses l JOSEPHI EDWARD BOSS. [1.. s.] Witnesses:

D. S. Tovnm., l H. M. Cmxrs'rm-N. 

